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[China Agricultural Machinery Network Industry News] "China's agricultural development has entered a new era mainly relying on scientific and technological progress from the past mainly by increasing resource input." Li Jiayang, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Agriculture and President of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said at the 7th International Crop Science Conference held in Beijing a few days ago.
At this International Crop Science Conference, known as the "Olympics" in the field of international crop science, over 2000 crop science workers from over 70 countries shared the latest progress in crop science research. Domestic and foreign experts believe that China's agricultural technology independent innovation ability and overall strength continue to improve, especially as a major country in grain production, processing, and consumption. China has always attached great importance to crop scientific research, continuously increased research investment, and made breakthroughs in crop breeding, cultivation, and biotechnology fields such as research and development of insect resistant cotton and hybrid rice cultivation.
Scientific and technological innovation supports cooperation in the field of modern agricultural crops, making significant contributions
Technology Powerfully Boosts China's Agricultural Development
In the afternoon of August 17, Chinese and foreign representatives attending the International Crop Science Conference came to the National Germplasm Resource Bank located in the Institute of Crop Science of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Shangzhuang Experimental Station of China Agricultural University and other professional experimental bases to visit the new progress of agricultural science and technology.
In the National Germplasm Resource Bank, the author sees that it consists of three parts: the experimental area, the pre storage operation area, and the storage area. There are two long-term cold storage areas in the storage area, which can store over 400000 germplasm, and most crop seeds can be stored for more than 50 years.
What is the task goal of the germplasm bank in terms of crop germplasm resource innovation and breeding effect analysis? "Associate Professor Zhang Xuelin from Henan Agricultural University asked during the visit.
Researcher Lu Xinxiong, Director of the Germplasm Resources Center, introduced that, "Our task is to study and establish efficient germplasm innovation and effective utilization technology based on the combination of molecular Chromosome engineering and whole genome selection, and reveal the genetic and breeding effects of three to five important exogenous genome segments, gene families, and genes. We should create 400 to 500 new germplasm that are suitable for different ecological regions, have prominent target traits, and are easy to use, 100 of which have been used for breeding."
Through a series of research work, the National Germplasm Resource Bank has achieved numerous innovative cultivation achievements, greatly enhancing its international status and influence. According to Lu Xinxiong, the quantity and quality of crop germplasm resources preservation in China have been synchronously improved: as of the end of 2015, 470295 copies of various germplasm resources have been collected and preserved, and the diversity has been further enriched, ranking second in the world in total preservation. This is an important indicator of a country's international status in the field of germplasm resources. We have created the world's only multidimensional crop germplasm resource preservation system, "said Lu Xinxiong
Not only that, according to Wei Fei, a staff member of the Institute of Agricultural Sciences, the library has also achieved some internationally leading results in millet germplasm innovation, haplotype analysis, and wheat distant hybridization. We have created for the first time a new germplasm of non genetically modified herbicide resistant millet that has reached a practical level, clarified its genetic laws of resistance, established an efficient breeding technology system, and selected a series of new herbicide resistant millet varieties and hybrids. This achievement has won the second prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award in 2012, "said Wei Fei.
Gao Shiqing, a crop genetics and breeding expert from the Beijing Hybrid Wheat Engineering Technology Research Center, said after visiting the Shangzhuang Experimental Station of China Agricultural University in Haidian District, Beijing, "the experimental station is very large and the experimental environment is very good, with corn, wheat, cotton flowers, soybeans, vegetables, pasture, Chinese herbal medicine and other cash crop planted," he said, The research on crop breeding, cultivation, and greenhouse protected cultivation techniques has been carried out here, and good results have been achieved
In Li Jiayang's view, the independent innovation ability and overall strength of China's agricultural technology continue to improve, and technological innovation has greatly promoted the development of modern agriculture. The main crop varieties have basically achieved full coverage, and the proportion of improved and domestically produced livestock and poultry varieties has been increasing year by year. The contribution rate of improved varieties in agricultural production has reached over 43%; The application demonstration of new technologies and achievements has led to a reduction of over 60% in nitrogen and phosphorus emissions from farmland, a reduction of over 50% in soil and water loss from sloping farmland, an increase of one level in farmland fertility, and an increase of over 20% in comprehensive production capacity.
The support capacity of agricultural technology for the development of modern agriculture has significantly improved, the innovation ability of agricultural technology sources has significantly enhanced, key industrial technologies have continuously broken through, and technological innovation has greatly improved the efficiency of agricultural resource utilization, "said Li Jiayang.
Extensive cooperation in the field of crops with various countries
Many data indicate that China's agriculture is undergoing significant changes. As a university professor, I have learned through research that China is a leader in the world's crop production field, "An Shengnan from Chungnam University in South Korea told me.
In order to meet the challenges brought by world food security, China is committed to cooperating with other countries in the field of crop production. William Paul Quaker, from the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in the Philippines, said: "IRRI and China are carrying out cooperation and many interactive experiments. In the past few years, floods, droughts and other natural disasters have brought difficulties to farmers' production and life. Therefore, it is important to strengthen international cooperation in research and development of new crop varieties adapted to environmental and climate change."
According to Dr. Matthew Morrell, director of the International Rice Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences is working with the International Rice Research Institute to study climate adaptive rice using rice genomics. The collaboration between the Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the International Rice Institute will enhance the research methods and systems required in the research process of new rice quality; Establish a Chinese phenotypic network to better understand how the genetic traits of rice plants determine their performance in farmland.
Matthew Morel said, "Based on the existing partnership, the International Rice Institute and the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences are establishing a nationwide cooperation, which timely and effectively integrates advanced technology and genetic diversity research to address climate change and meet the future demand for rice. Among them, the leadership demonstrated by the Academy of Agricultural Sciences is clearly complementary to our strengths
The cooperation between the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the International Rice Institute has profound potential, and the advanced breeding methods, new germplasm, pre breeding lines, and excellent breeding materials produced by the cooperative research will be shared among member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.
In addition, the International Rice Research Institute is organizing global agricultural scientists to upgrade rice, striving to transform rice from a carbon 3 crop to a carbon 4 crop or with the characteristics of high efficiency and high yield of carbon 4 crops. In popular terms, the International Rice Research Institute is organizing global agricultural scientists to "plastic surgery" rice.
The so-called "plastic surgery" of rice is to make the leaf structure and shape of rice more conducive to absorbing sunlight and improving Photosynthetic efficiency through scientific methods, and to improve Photosynthetic efficiency through biochemical metabolism and other ways, so as to achieve the goal of high yield.
Ye Guoyou, a researcher at the International Rice Research Institute, further explained that rice, wheat and other crops are carbon 3 crops, characterized by low plant type, low yield and low Photosynthetic efficiency, while corn, sorghum and other crops are carbon 4 crops, with high plant type, high yield and high Photosynthetic efficiency. Our goal is to double rice yield, improve water use efficiency by 10-20%, and enhance rice drought resistance through scientific methods.
This research has been ongoing for 7 years and has made significant progress, but overcoming this technological challenge requires global cooperation, "said Matthew Morel.
In recent years, China's contributions in the field of world crop science have been recognized by many international friends.
Alvarez from the Biodiversity Genomics Laboratory in Mexico told this newspaper, "China has made great efforts in developing new agricultural technologies and is one of the most developed countries in the field of crop science. At the same time, I have also seen many Chinese students who are passionate about agriculture and crop research, which is very valuable, and China is also helping many countries solve food problems
Innovation provides support for sustainable agricultural development
The outline of the 13th Five Year Plan points out that it is necessary to accelerate the transformation of agricultural development mode, focus on building a modern agricultural industrial system, production system, and management system, improve agricultural quality, efficiency, and competitiveness, and follow the path of agricultural modernization with high output efficiency, product safety, resource conservation, and environmental friendliness. And it is pointed out that sustainable development of agriculture should be promoted.
For the sustainable development of agriculture, domestic and foreign experts believe that the level of technology is an important factor that affects and restricts the sustainable development of agriculture. Without strong technology, it is difficult to achieve sustainable development.
It is understood that in the new era, China's agricultural technology development still faces many challenges. The difficulty of ensuring the effective supply of food and agricultural products is increasing, and new breakthroughs are needed in technologies such as agricultural biological breeding, sustainable and efficient production of crops, healthy breeding of livestock and poultry, agricultural mechanization and standardization, and agricultural disaster prevention and reduction; Inadequate preparation for agricultural technology to lead the transformation of production methods, it is necessary to accelerate the development of precision agricultural information technology, and strengthen the research and development of full process agricultural mechanization and standardization technology; The challenge of resource scarcity and consumption is constantly increasing, and it is necessary to strengthen key technological innovations such as efficient utilization of agricultural resources, water-saving agriculture, improvement of medium and low yield fields, and protection and restoration of farmland ecological environment; The rapid development of emerging agricultural industries requires accelerating the research and development of key technologies such as biological seed industry, biological drugs, biological vaccines, biological fertilizers, biological feed, new generation agricultural facilities and information equipment.
Professor Zhang Fushuo from the School of Resources and Environment at China Agricultural University pointed out that "agriculture is facing a huge challenge of ensuring global food security by increasing production and reducing environmental costs. In China, we have conducted 153 pilot experiments to address this challenge, covering major agricultural ecological fields such as rice, wheat, and corn
More importantly, there is conceptual innovation. Our researchers hope that the country can guide the sustainable development of agriculture through policies, especially in talent introduction. We need to learn advanced foreign concepts and research methods, and establish connections with more foreign research institutions and universities. "Cao Shuanghe from the Crop Science Research Institute of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences pointed out.
In terms of socio-economic aspects, crop production science can have a significant impact. In some very small farms in developing countries, farmers are unable to carry out invention work. We need to address socio-economic and environmental impacts, develop crop yield increasing technologies to meet food needs, while also meeting the needs of sustainable socio-economic development, Intensive agriculture is an important part of meeting future challenges, but it is also a foothold in terms of environmental issues. We should reduce the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and occupy less land to increase production activities, so this is the main challenge in the field of rice science
As the Sustainable Development Goals are put on the global development agenda for the next fifteen years, we need a new global food system to ensure that hunger and climate change related goals can be achieved by 2030, "said Fan Shenggen, director of the International Food Policy Research Institute, In the process of forming such a food system, scientific and technological innovation has played a significant role in helping the world achieve sustainable development goals, ensure food security, and sustain supply